B. longum BB536 may reduce visceral fat and total fat levels in healthy normal and overweight adults. BMI and TG levels also showed significant differences between the groups. Participants did not change their daily diet or exercise habits, 16 weeks of probiotic intake showed a positive effect on visceral fat reduction.

Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the gut microbiota of cesarean-born infants. Supplementation resulted in a higher bifidobacteria proportion from day 3/5 until week 8, a reduction of Enterobacteriaceae from day 3/5 till week 12 compared to controls. This was accompanied with a lower fecal pH and higher acetate.

Individuals in a community who developed Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) after major floods have significant mental health impairment. B. infantis M-63 is probably effective in improving mental health of victims who developed IBS and this is maybe due to restoration of microbial balance and the gut-brain axis.

Bifidobacterium breve effectively colonized the intestinal tract and alleviated colitis symptoms by reducing the disease activity index. Moreover, B. breve mitigated intestinal epithelial cell damage, inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors, and upregulated tight junction (TJ)-proteins.

The gut-brain axis is one of the proposed interactions between the brain and peripheral intestinal functions; of particular interest is the influence of food components on the gut-brain axis mediated via the gut microbiome. Meta-analysis indicates significant improvement in sleep quality of adults with mild to moderate stress as an effect of daily consumption of L. gasseri.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) occurs in approximately 25% of patients receiving antibiotics. The results showed an overall reduction in the risk of AAD when probiotics were coadministered with antibiotics. Probiotics are effective for preventing AAD with the number needed to treat to prevent 1 case of diarrhea being 10. Bacillus coagulans appeared to be most effective.

Probiotics can benefit the central nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which raises the possibility that probiotics are effective in managing depression. MCC1848 ameliorated sCSDS-induced gene expression alterations in signal transduction or nervous system development. These findings suggest that MCC1848 supplementation is useful as a preventive strategy for chronic-stress-induced depression.

Lactobacillus paracasei BR-MCC1849 postbiotic powder or placebo powder once daily for 12 weeks based on the incidence of the common cold. Total number of days of symptoms, and symptom scores of the common cold significantly improved. Lactobacillus paracasei BR-MCC1849 has the potential to improve resistance to common cold infections in susceptible subjects and maintain a desirable mood state, even under mental stress conditions.

GOS significantly increased the numbers of beneficial bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, at the expense of less beneficial groups. Significant increases in phagocytosis, NK cell activity, and the production of antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and significant reduction in the production of proinflammatory cytokines were also observed. GOS administration resulted in positive effects on both the microflora composition and the immune response.

Daily consumption of a combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans significantly increases calcium absorption and enhances bone mineralization during pubertal growth. Effects of dietary factors on calcium absorption may be modulated by genetic factors, including specific vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms.